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Leviticus
18 commands and repetitions of capital penalties found elsewhere
(by me)
blue
=
subject and sin; red
=
penalty. “Uncover the nakedness” = have sexual
relations with. “Cut off” = put to death (apparently,
but may mean from the congregation or sanctuary). It is doubtful
“Cursed”
in
Dt. 27 always denotes the death
penalty,
but if so, it appears that v. 17 is the only mention of the death
penalty being ordained for removing a neighbor's landmark, or
making the blind to wander out of the way (v. 18), and would make
any violation of the Mosaic law a capital sin (v. 26).
See
more capital sins HERE.
Adam
Clarke's chapter summations are NEXT.
A more detailed summation follows HERE
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Leviticus
18 commands
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Penalties
for the same in Lev. 20
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Death
penalties found elsewhere
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Miscl.
other references excluding the death penalty
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(Lev
18:3-4) "After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye
dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the doings of the land of
Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do: neither shall ye
walk in their ordinances. {4}
Ye shall do my
judgments, and keep mine ordinances, to walk therein: I am
the LORD your God."
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Lev 20:23 And ye shall not
walk in the manners of the nation, which I
cast out before you: for
they committed all these things, and therefore I abhorred them.
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Exo. 23:24; Lev. 20:23; Dt.
12:4,30,31; Jer. 10:2,3; Eze. 20:7,8; Rom. 12:2
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(Lev
18:5) "Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my
judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the
LORD."
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Eze. 20:11, 13,21; Luk. 10:28;
Rom. 10:5; Gal. 3:12
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(Lev
18:6) "None of you shall approach to any that is near
of kin to
him, to uncover
their nakedness:
I am the LORD."
(Lev
18:7) "The nakedness
of
thy father,
or the nakedness of thy mother,
shalt thou not
uncover:
she is
thy
mother; thou shalt not
uncover her nakedness."
(Lev
18:8) "The nakedness of thy father's
wife shalt
thou not uncover: it is
thy
father's nakedness."
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(Lev
20:11) "And the man that lieth with his father's
wife hath
uncovered his father's nakedness: both
of
them shall surely be
put
to death;
their
blood shall
be upon
them."
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(Dt
27:20) "Cursed
be
he
that lieth
with his father's wife;
because he uncovereth his father's skirt. And all the people
shall say, Amen."
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Gen.
35:22, Gen. 49:4; Dt 22:30; 27:20; 2Sa. 16:21, 2Sa. 16:22; Eze.
22:10; Amos. 2:7; Cf. Eze. 22:20; 1Co. 5:1
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(Lev
18:9) "The nakedness of
thy
sister,
the daughter
of thy father, or
daughter
of thy mother,
whether
she be born
at home, or born abroad, even
their
nakedness
thou shalt not uncover."
(Lev
18:11) "The nakedness of thy father's
wife's daughter, begotten of thy father, she is thy
sister, thou shalt not uncover her nakedness."
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(Lev
20:17) "And if a man shall take his sister,
his father's daughter, or
his mother's
daughter,
and see her
nakedness, and she see his nakedness;
it is
a
wicked thing; and they shall be
cut
off in
the sight of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's
nakedness; he shall bear
his iniquity."
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Dt
27:22 Cursed
be
he that lieth
with his sister,
the daughter of his father, or the daughter of his mother. And
all the people shall say, Amen.
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2Sa.
13:11-14; Eze. 22:11
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(Lev
18:10) "The nakedness of thy son's
daughter, or
of thy daughter's
daughter,
even
their
nakedness
thou shalt not uncover:
for theirs is
thine
own nakedness."
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(Lev
18:12) "Thou shalt not uncover
the nakedness of
thy father's
sister:
she is
thy
father's near kinswoman."
(Lev
18:13) "Thou shalt not uncover
the nakedness of
thy mother's
sister;
for she is
thy
mother's near kinswoman."
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Lev
20:19 And
thou shalt not uncover
the nakedness of
thy
mother's sister, nor
of thy
father's sister:
for he uncovereth his near kin: they
shall bear their iniquity.
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Exo.
6:20
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(Lev
18:14) "Thou shalt not uncover
the nakedness of
thy father's
brother,
thou shalt not
approach to his wife:
she is
thine
aunt."
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Lev
20:20 And
if a man shall lie with his
uncle's wife,
he hath uncovered his uncle's nakedness: they shall bear their
sin; they
shall die childless.
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(Lev
18:15) "Thou shalt not uncover
the nakedness of
thy daughter
in law:
she is
thy
son's
wife;
thou shalt not uncover her nakedness."
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(Lev
20:12) "And if a man lie with his daughter
in law, both
of them shall surely be
put to death:
they
have wrought confusion; their blood shall
be upon
them."
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Gen.
38:18,19, Gen. 38:26; Eze. 22:11
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(Lev
18:16) "Thou shalt not uncover
the nakedness of
thy brother's
wife:
[while
he is still alive] it
is
thy
brother's nakedness."
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Lev
20:21 And
if a man shall take his
brother's wife,
it is
an
unclean thing: he hath uncovered his brother's nakedness; they
shall be childless
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Lev
20:21 (they shall die childless).
Dt.
25:5; Mat. 14:3, Mat. 14:4, Mat. 22:24; Mark. 6:17, Mark. 12:19;
Luk. 3:19
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(Lev
18:17a) "Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman
and her daughter,
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(Lev
20:14) "And if a man take a wife
and her mother, it
is
wickedness:
they shall be burnt
with fire*,
both he and they; that there be no wickedness among you."
*After death: Josh. 7
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(Dt
27:23) "Cursed
be
he
that lieth with his mother
in law. And
all the people shall say, Amen."
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Dt
27:23; Amos. 2:7 (similar)
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(Lev
18:17b) neither shalt thou take her
son's daughter,
or her daughter's
daughter, to
uncover
her nakedness; for
they
are
her
near kinswomen: it is
wickedness."
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(Lev
18:18) "Neither shalt thou take a
wife to her sister,
to
vex her,
to
uncover
her nakedness,
beside the other in her life time."
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Gen.
30:15 (unintentional)
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(Lev
18:19) "Also thou shalt not approach
unto a woman to uncover her nakedness,
as long as she is put apart for her
uncleanness."
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(Lev
20:18) "And if a man shall lie with a woman
having her sickness,
and shall uncover her nakedness; ... both
of
them shall be cut
off from
among their people."
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Lev.
15:19,24 Eze. 18:6, Eze. 22:10
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(Lev
18:20) "Moreover thou shalt not lie
carnally with thy neighbour's wife,
to
defile thyself with her."
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(Lev
20:10) "And the man
that committeth adultery with another
man's
wife,
even
he that
committeth adultery
with his neighbour's
wife, the
adulterer
and
the adulteress
shall
surely be put
to death."
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(Dt
22:22) "If a man
be found lying with a woman married to an husband,
then
they shall both
of them die,
both
the
man that lay with the woman, and the woman: so shalt thou put
away evil from Israel."
(Dt
22:25) "But if a man find a betrothed
damsel in
the field, and the man force
her, and lie with her:
then the man
only
that lay with her shall
die:"
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Dt.
22:25; 2Sa. 11:4; Mat. 5:27,28; Rom. 2:22; 1Co. 6:9; Gal. 5:19;
Heb. 13:4
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(Lev
18:21) "And thou shalt not let any of thy seed
pass through the
fire to
Molech, neither
shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am
the
LORD."
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(Lev
20:2) "Again, thou shalt say to the children of Israel,
Whosoever
he
be of
the
children of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel,
that giveth
any
of
his seed unto Molech;
he shall surely be put
to death:
the people of the land shall stone him with stones."
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Dt.
12:31; 18:10; 27:15
;
2Ki. 16:3, 2Ki. 21:6, 2Ki. 23:10; Psa. 106:37, Psa. 106:38; Jer.
7:31; Jer. 19:5; Eze. 20:31, Eze. 23:37
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(Lev
18:22) "Thou shalt not lie
with mankind, as with womankind:
it is
abomination."
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(Lev
20:13) "If a
man also lie with mankind,
as
he lieth with a woman, both
of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put
to death;
their blood shall
be upon
them."
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Gen.
19:5; Jdg. 19:22; 1Ki. 14:24; Rom. 1:26, Rom. 1:27; 1Co. 6:9;
1Ti. 1:10; Jud. 1:7
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(Lev
18:23) "Neither shalt thou
lie
with any beast to
defile thyself therewith:
neither shall any
woman
stand before a beast to lie down
thereto:
it is
confusion."
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(Lev
20:15) "And if a man
lie
with a beast, he
shall surely be put
to death: and
ye shall slay the beast. {16} "And if a woman
approach unto any beast, and lie down thereto,
thou shalt kill the woman, and the beast: they shall surely be
put
to death; their
blood shall
be upon
them."
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(Exo
22:19) "Whosoever lieth
with a beast shall
surely be put
to death."
(Dt
27:21) Cursed
be
he that lieth
with any manner of beast.
And all the people shall say, Amen.
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Dt.
27:21
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(Lev
20:6) "And the soul that turneth after such as have
familiar spirits, and after wizards,
to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face against that
soul, and will cut
him off from
among his people."
(Lev
20:27) A man also or woman that hath
a familiar spirit,
or
that is a wizard, shall
surely be put
to death:
they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon
them.
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(Exo
22:18) "Thou shalt not
suffer a witch to live."
(Dt
18:20) But the prophet,
which shall presume to speak
a word in my name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or
that shall speak in the name of other gods,
even that prophet
shall die.
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Lev.
19:26,31; Dt. 18:10-14; Isa. 8:19 Exo. 34:15, Exo. 34:16; Num.
15:39; Psa. 73:27; Eze. 6:9; Hos. 4:12
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(Lev
20:9) "For every one that curseth
his father or
his mother shall be surely put
to death:
he
hath cursed his father or his mother; his
blood shall
be upon
him."
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Exo
21:17 And he that curseth
his father, or his mother,
shall surely be put
to death.
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Dt.
27:16; Prov. 20:20, Prov. 30:11,17; Mat. 15:3-6; Mark. 7:10, 11
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All
in their context are stated to be causative of the pagan's
expulsion, and collectively referred to as an abomination
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Lev
18:24-25 Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things: for in
all these the nations are defiled which I cast out before you:
And the land is defiled: therefore I do visit the iniquity
thereof upon it, and the land itself vomiteth out her
inhabitants. ... {27} "(For all these abominations have the
men of the land done, which were
before
you, and the land is defiled;)"
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Lev
20:22 Ye shall therefore keep all my statutes, and all my
judgments, and do them: that the land, whither I bring you to
dwell therein, spue you not out.
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Dt
9:4 Speak not thou in thine heart, after that the LORD thy God
hath cast them out from before thee, saying, For my righteousness
the LORD hath brought me in to possess this land: but for the
wickedness of these nations the LORD doth drive them out from
before thee.
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Dt
18:12 For all that do these things are an abomination unto the
LORD: and because of these abominations the LORD thy God doth
drive them out from before thee.
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^
Note: The
incest laws in Leviticus 18 and 20 do not include a specific
prohibition of sex with one’s
full
sister or daughter. The reason is probably that the opening heading
in Lev 18:6, “no one shall
approach
any flesh of his flesh,” automatically forbids such
relationships, along with sex with
one’s
mother, as the closest kin. Sex with one’s mother is explicitly
addressed in 18:7 only in
order to
establish that all other incestuous unions are, in one way or
another, a violation of one’s
mother or
father. The remainder of the list in 18:8-18 shows which more distant
kin-relations
beyond
mother, sister, and daughter are forbidden. Cf. Milgrom 2000,
1527-30.
Source:
Notes to Gagnon’s Essay in the Gagnon-Via Two Views Book, p. 13
http://www.robgagnon.net/2Views/HomoViaRespNotesRev.pdf</ref>
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Adam
Clarke Summation of chapters in Leviticus
Clarke
overall provides excellent chapter summations, though sometimes I
take issue with his commentary
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Leviticus
1 -
The
Lord calls to Moses out of the tabernacle, and gives him
directions concerning burnt-offerings of the beeve kind, Lev.
1:1, Lev. 1:2. The burnt-offering to be a male without blemish,
Lev. 1:3. The person bringing it to lay his hands upon its head,
that it might be accepted for him, Lev. 1:4. He is to kill, flay,
and cut it in pieces, and bring the blood to the priests, that
they might sprinkle it round about the altar, Lev. 1:5, Lev. 1:6.
All the pieces to be laid upon the altar and burnt, Lev. 1:7-9.
Directions concerning offerings of the Smaller Cattle, such as
sheep and goats, Lev. 1:10-13. Directions concerning offerings of
Fowls, such as doves and pigeons, Lev. 1:14-17.
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Leviticus
2 -
The
meat-offering of flour with oil and incense, Lev. 2:1-3. The
oblation of the meat-offering baked in the oven and in the pan,
Lev. 2:4-6. The meat-offering baked in the frying-pan, Lev.
2:7-10. No leaven nor honey to be offered with the meat-offering,
Lev. 2:11. The oblation of the first-fruits, Lev. 2:12. Salt to
be offered with the meat offering, Lev. 2:13. Green ears dried by
the fire, and corn to be beaten out of full ears, with oil and
frankincense, to be offered as a meat-offering of first-fruits,
Lev. 2:14-16.
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Leviticus
3 -
The
law of the peace-offering in general, Lev. 3:1-5. That of the
peace-offering taken from the flock, Lev. 3:6-11; and the same
when the offering is a goat, Lev. 3:12-17.
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Leviticus
4 -
The law concerning the sin-offering
for transgressions committed through ignorance, Lev. 4:1, Lev.
4:2. For the priest thus sinning, Lev. 4:3-12. For the sins of
ignorance of the whole congregation, Lev. 4:13-21. For the sins
of ignorance of a ruler, Lev. 4:22-26. For the sins of ignorance
of any of the common people, Lev. 4:27-35.
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Leviticus
5
-
Concerning
witnesses who, being adjured, refuse to tell the truth, Lev. 5:1.
Of those who contract defilement by touching unclean things or
persons, Lev. 5:2, Lev. 5:3. Of those who bind themselves by vows
or oaths, and do not fulfill them, Lev. 5:4, Lev. 5:5. The
trespass-offering prescribed in such cases, a lamb or a kid, Lev.
5:6; a turtle-dove or two young pigeons, Lev. 5:7-10; or an ephah
of fine flour with oil and frankincense, Lev. 5:11-13. Other laws
relative to trespasses, through ignorance in holy things, Lev.
5:14-16. Of trespasses in things unknown, Lev. 5:17-19.
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Leviticus
6
-
Laws
relative to detention of property entrusted to the care of
another, to robbery, and deceit, Lev. 6:1, Lev. 6:2; finding of
goods lost, keeping them from their owner, and swearing falsely,
Lev. 6:3. Such a person shall not only restore what he has thus
unlawfully gotten, but shall add a fifth part of the value of the
property besides, Lev. 6:4, Lev. 6:5; and bring a ram without
blemish, for a trespass-offering to the Lord, Lev. 6:6, Lev. 6:7.
Laws relative to the burnt-offering and the perpetual fire, Lev.
6:8-13. Law of the meat-offering, and who may lawfully eat of it,
Lev. 6:14-18. Laws relative to the offerings of Aaron and his
sons and their successors, on the day of their anointing, Lev.
6:19-23. Laws relative to the sin-offering, and those who might
eat of it, Lev. 6:24-30.
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Leviticus
7
-
The
law of the trespass-offering, and the priest’s portion in
it, Lev. 7:1-7. As also in the sin-offerings and meat-offerings,
Lev. 7:8-10. The law of the sacrifice of peace-offering, Lev.
7:11, whether it was a thanksgiving - offering, Lev. 7:12-15; or
a Vow or voluntary offering, Lev. 7:16-18. Concerning the flesh
that touched any unclean thing, Lev. 7:19, Lev. 7:20, and the
person who touched any thing unclean, Lev. 7:21. Laws concerning
eating of fat, Lev. 7:22-25, and concerning eating of blood, Lev.
7:26, Lev. 7:27. Farther ordinances concerning the
peace-offerings and the priest’s portion in them, Lev.
7:28-36. Conclusion of the laws and ordinances relative to
burnt-offerings, meat-offerings, sin-offerings, and
peace-offerings, delivered in this and the preceding chapters,
Lev. 7:37, Lev. 7:38.
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Leviticus
8 -
Moses
is commanded to consecrate Aaron and his sons, Lev. 8:1-3. Moses
convenes the congregation; washes, clothes, and anoints Aaron,
Lev. 8:4-12. He also clothes Aaron’s sons, Lev. 8:13.
Offers a bullock for them as a sin-offering, Lev. 8:14-17. And a
ram for a burnt-offering, Lev. 8:18-21. And another ram for a
consecration-offering, Lev. 8:22-24. The fat, with cakes of
unleavened bread, and the right shoulder of the ram, he offers as
a wave-offering, and afterwards burns, Lev. 8:25-28. The breast,
which was the part of Moses, he also waves, Lev. 8:29. And
sprinkles oil and blood upon Aaron and his sons, Lev. 8:30. The
flesh of the consecration ram is to be boiled and eaten at the
door of the tabernacle, Lev. 8:31, Lev. 8:32. Moses commands
Aaron and his sons to abide seven days at the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation, which they do accordingly, Lev.
8:33-36.
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Leviticus
9
-
Aaron
is commanded to offer, on the eighth day, a sin-offering and a
burnt-offering, Lev. 9:1, Lev. 9:2. The people are commanded also
to offer a sin-offering, a burnt-offering, peace-offerings, and a
meat-offering, Lev. 9:3, Lev. 9:4. They do as they were
commanded; and Moses promises that God shall appear among them,
Lev. 9:5, Lev. 9:6. Aaron is commanded to make an atonement for
the people, Lev. 9:7. He and his sons prepare and offer the
different sacrifices, Lev. 9:8-21. Aaron and Moses bless the
congregation, Lev. 9:22, Lev. 9:23. And the fire of the Lord
consumes the sacrifice, Lev. 9:24.
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Leviticus
10
-
Nadab
and Abihu offer strange fire before the Lord, and are destroyed,
Lev. 10:1-5. Aaron and his family forbidden to mourn for them,
Lev. 10:6, Lev. 10:7. He and his family are forbidden the use of
wine, Lev. 10:8-11. Directions to Aaron and his sons concerning
the eating of the meat-offerings, etc., Lev. 10:12-15. Moses
chides Aaron for not having eaten the sin-offering, Lev.
10:16-18. Aaron excuses himself, and Moses is satisfied, Lev.
10:19, Lev. 10:20.
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Leviticus
11
-
Laws
concerning clean and unclean animals, Lev. 11:1, Lev. 11:2. Of
Quadrupeds, those are clean which divide the hoof and chew the
cud, Lev. 11:3. Those to be reputed unclean which do not divide
the hoof, though they chew the cud, Lev. 11:4-6. Those to be
reputed unclean also which, though they divide the hoof, do not
chew the cud, Lev. 11:7. Whosoever eats their flesh, or touches
their carcasses, shall be reputed unclean, Lev. 11:8. Of Fish,
those are clean, and may be eaten which have fins and scales,
Lev. 11:9. Those which have not fins and scales to be reputed
unclean, Lev. 11:10-12. Of Fowls, those which are unclean, Lev.
11:13-21. Of Insects, the following may be eaten: the bald
locust, beetle, and grasshopper, Lev. 11:22. All others are
unclean and abominable, their flesh not to be eaten, nor their
bodies touched, Lev. 11:23-25. Farther directions relative to
unclean beasts, Lev. 11:26-28. Of Reptiles, and some small
quadrupeds, those which are unclean, Lev. 11:29, Lev. 11:39. All
that touch them shall be unclean, Lev. 11:31; and the things
touched by their dead carcasses are unclean also, Lev. 11:32-35.
Large fountains, or pits of water, are not defiled by their
carcasses, provided a part of the water be drawn out, Lev. 11:36.
Nor do they defile seed by accidentally touching it, provided the
water which has touched their flesh do not touch or moisten the
seed, Lev. 11:37, Lev. 11:38. A beast that dieth of itself is
unclean, and may not be touched or eaten, Lev. 11:39, Lev. 11:40.
All creeping things are abominable, Lev. 11:41-44. The reason
given for these laws, Lev. 11:45-47.
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Leviticus
12 -
Ordinances
concerning the purification of women after child-birth, Lev.
12:1; after the birth of a son, who is to be circumcised the
eighth day, Lev. 12:2, Lev. 12:3. The mother to be considered
unclean for forty days, Lev. 12:4. After the birth of a daughter,
fourscore days, Lev. 12:5. When the days of her purifying were
ended, she was to bring a lamb for a burnt-offering, and a young
pigeon or a turtle-dove for a sin-offering, Lev. 12:6, Lev. 12:7.
If poor, and not able to bring a lamb, she was to bring either
two turtle-doves or two young pigeons, Lev. 12:8.
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Leviticus
13
-
Laws
relative to the leprosy. It is to be known by a rising in the
flesh, a scab, or a bright spot, Lev. 13:1, Lev. 13:2. When the
priest sees these signs he shall pronounce the man unclean,
infected with the leprosy, and unfit for society, Lev. 13:3.
Dubious or equivocal signs of this disorder, and how the person
is to be treated in whom they appear, Lev. 13:4-8. In what state
of this disorder the priest may pronounce a man clean or unclean,
Lev. 13:9-13. Of the raw flesh, the sign of the unclean leprosy,
Lev. 13:14, Lev. 13:15. Of the white flesh, the sign of the
leprosy called clean, Lev. 13:16, Lev. 13:17. Of the leprosy
which succeeds a boil, Lev. 13:18-20. Equivocal marks relative to
this kind of leprosy, Lev. 13:21, Lev. 13:22. Of the burning
boil, Lev. 13:23. Of the leprosy arising out of the burning boil,
Lev. 13:24, Lev. 13:25. Equivocal marks relative to this kind of
leprosy, Lev. 13:26-28. Of the plague on the head or in the
beard, Lev. 13:29. Of the scall, and how it is to be treated,
Lev. 13:30-37. Of the plague of the bright white spots, Lev.
13:38, Lev. 13:39. Of the bald head, Lev. 13:40, Lev. 13:41. Of
the white reddish sore in the bald head, Lev. 13:42-44. The leper
shall rend his clothes, put a patch on his upper lip, and cry
unclean, Lev. 13:45. He shall be obliged to avoid society, and
live by himself without the camp, Lev. 13:46. Of the garments
infected by the leprosy, and the signs of this infection, Lev.
13:47-52. Equivocal marks relative to this infection, and how the
garment is to be treated, by washing or by burning, Lev.
13:53-58. Conclusion relative to the foregoing particulars, Lev.
13:59.
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Leviticus 14 -
Introduction to the sacrifices and ceremonies to be used in
cleansing the leper, Lev. 14:1-3. Two living birds, cedar-wood,
scarlet, and hyssop, to be brought for him who was to be
cleansed, Lev. 14:4. One of the birds to be killed, Lev. 14:5;
and the living bird, with the cedar-wood, scarlet, and hyssop, to
be dipped in the blood, and to be sprinkled on him who had been
infected with the leprosy, Lev. 14:6, Lev. 14:7; after which he
must wash his clothes, shave his head, eye brows, beard, etc.,
bathe himself, tarry abroad seven days, Lev. 14:8, Lev. 14:9; on
the eighth day he must bring two he-lambs, one ewe lamb, a tenth
deal of flour, and a log of oil, Lev. 14:10; which the priest was
to present as a trespass-offering, wave-offering, and
sin-offering before the Lord, Lev. 14:11-13. Afterwards he was to
sprinkle both the blood and oil on the person to be cleansed,
Lev. 14:14-18. The atonement made by these offerings, Lev. 14:19,
Lev. 14:20. If the person were poor, one lamb, with the flour and
oil, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, were only required,
Lev. 14:21, Lev. 14:22. These to be presented, and the blood and
oil applied as before, Lev. 14:23-32. Laws and ordinances
relative to houses infected by the leprosy, vv. 33-48. An
atonement to be made in order to cleanse the house, similar to
that made for the healed leper, Lev. 14:49-53. A summary of this
and the preceding chapter, relative to leprous persons, garments,
and houses, Lev. 14:54-56. The end for which these different laws
were given, Lev. 14:57.
|
Leviticus 15 -
Laws concerning uncleanness of men, Lev. 15:1-12. Mode of
cleansing, Lev. 15:13-15. Of uncleanness, accidental and casual,
Lev. 15:16-18. Laws concerning the uncleanness of women, vv.
10-27. Mode of cleansing, Lev. 15:28-30. Recapitulation of the
ordinances relative to the preceding cases, Lev. 15:31-33.
|
Leviticus 16 -
The solemn yearly expiation for
the high priest, who must not come at all times into the holy
place, Lev. 16:1, Lev. 16:2. He must take a bullock for a
sin-offering, and a ram for a burnt-offering, bathe himself, and
be dressed in his sacerdotal robes, Lev. 16:3, Lev. 16:4. He
shall take two goats, one of which is to be determined by lot to
be a sacrifice; the other to be a scapegoat, Lev. 16:5-10. He
shall offer a bullock for himself and for his family, Lev.
16:11-14. And shall kill the goat as a sin-offering for the
people, and sprinkle its blood upon the mercy-seat, and hallow
the altar of burnt-offerings, Lev. 16:15-19. The scapegoat shall
be then brought, on the head of which he shall lay his hands, and
confess the iniquities of the children of Israel; after which the
goat shall be permitted to escape to the wilderness, Lev.
16:20-22. After this Aaron shall bathe himself, and make a
burnt-offering for himself and for the people, Lev. 16:23-28.
This is to be an everlasting statute, and the day on which the
atonement is to be made shall be a Sabbath, or day of rest,
through all their generations, Lev. 16:29-34.
|
|
Leviticus
17
-
The
people are commanded to bring all the cattle they intend to kill
to the door of the tabernacle, where they are to be made an
offering to the Lord; and those who disobey are to be cut off,
Lev. 17:1-5. The priest is to sprinkle the blood, Lev. 17:6. They
are forbidden to offer sacrifices to devils, Lev. 17:7. The
injunction to bring their offerings to the door of the tabernacle
is repeated, Lev. 17:8, Lev. 17:9. The eating of blood is
solemnly forbidden, Lev. 17:10. It is the life of the beast, and
is given to make an atonement for their souls, Lev. 17:11, Lev.
17:12. If a bird or beast be taken in hunting, its blood must be
poured out and covered with dust, for the reasons before
assigned, Lev. 17:13, Lev. 17:14. None shall eat an animal that
dies of itself, or is torn by beasts; if any act otherwise he
must bathe his clothes and his flesh, or bear his iniquity, Lev.
17:15, Lev. 17:16.
|
Leviticus 18 -
The people are commanded to avoid the doings of the Egyptians and
Canaanites, Lev. 18:1-3. They are to do God’s judgments,
and to keep his ordinances, that they may live, Lev. 18:4, Lev.
18:5. Marriages with those who are near of kin are prohibited,
Lev. 18:6. None to marry with his mother or step-mother, Lev.
18:7, Lev. 18:8; with his sister or step-sister, Lev. 18:9; with
his grand-daughter, Lev. 18:10; nor with the daughter of his
step-mother, Lev. 18:11; nor with his aunt, by father or mother,
Lev. 18:12, Lev. 18:13; nor with his uncle’s wife, Lev.
18:14; nor with his daughter-in-law, Lev. 18:15; nor
sister-in-law, Lev. 18:16; nor with a woman and her daughter,
son’s daughter, or daughter’s daughter, Lev. 18:17;
nor with two sisters at the same time, Lev. 18:18. Several
abominations prohibited, Lev. 18:19-23, of which the Canaanites,
etc., were guilty, and for which they were cast out of the land,
Lev. 18:24, Lev. 18:25. The people are exhorted to avoid these
abominations, lest they be treated as the ancient inhabitants of
the land were treated, and so cast out, Lev. 18:26-28.
Threatenings against the disobedient, Lev. 18:29, and promises to
the obedient, Lev. 18:30.
|
Leviticus 19 -
Exhortations to holiness, and a repetition of various laws, Lev.
19:1, Lev. 19:2 Duty to parents, and observance of the Sabbath,
Lev. 19:3. Against idolatry, Lev. 19:4. Concerning
peace-offerings, Lev. 19:5-8. The gleanings of the harvest and
vintage to be left for the poor, Lev. 19:9, Lev. 19:10. Against
stealing and lying, Lev. 19:11; false swearing, Lev. 19:12;
defrauding the hireling, Lev. 19:13. Laws in behalf of the deaf
and the blind, Lev. 19:14. Against respect of persons in
judgment, Lev. 19:15; tale-bearing, Lev. 19:16; hatred and
uncharitableness, Lev. 19:17; revenge, Lev. 19:18; unlawful
mixtures in cattle, seed, and garments, Lev. 19:19. Laws relative
to the bondmaid that is betrothed, Lev. 19:20-22. The fruit of
the trees of the land not to be eaten for the first three years,
Lev. 19:23; but this is lawful in the fourth and fifth years,
Lev. 19:24, Lev. 19:25. Against eating of blood, and using
incantations, Lev. 19:26; superstitious cutting of the hair, Lev.
19:27; and cutting of the flesh in the times of mourning, Lev.
19:28; prostitution, Lev. 19:29. Sabbaths to be reverenced, Lev.
19:30. Against consulting those who are wizards, and have
familiar spirits, Lev. 19:31. Respect must be shown to the aged,
Lev. 19:32. The stranger shall not be oppressed, Lev. 19:33, Lev.
19:34. They shall keep just measures, weights, and balances, Lev.
19:35, Lev. 19:36. Conclusion, Lev. 19:37.
|
Leviticus 20 -
Of giving seed to Molech, and the
punishment of this crime, Lev. 20:1-5. Of consulting wizards,
etc., Lev. 20:6-8. Of disrespect to parents, Lev. 20:9. Of
adultery, Lev. 20:10. Of incestuous mixtures, Lev. 20:11, Lev.
20:12. Bestiality, Lev. 20:13-16. Different cases of incest and
uncleanness, Lev. 20:17-21. Exhortations and promises, Lev.
20:22-24. The difference between clean and unclean animals to be
carefully observed, Lev. 20:25. The Israelites are separated from
other nations, that they may be holy, Lev. 20:26. A repetition of
the law against wizards and them that have familiar spirits, Lev.
20:27.
|
|
Leviticus 21 -
The priests shall not mourn for the dead, except for near
relatives, such as mother, father, son, daughter, and sister if a
virgin, Lev. 21:1-4. They shall not shave their heads nor beards,
nor make any cuttings in the flesh, because they are holy unto
God, Lev. 21:5, Lev. 21:6. A priest shall not marry a woman who
is a whore, profane, or divorced from her husband, Lev. 21:7,
Lev. 21:8. Of the priest’s daughter who profanes herself,
Lev. 21:9. The high priest shall not uncover his head, or rend
his clothes, Lev. 21:10; nor go in unto a dead body, Lev. 21:11;
nor go out of the sanctuary, Lev. 21:12. Of his marriage and
off-spring, Lev. 21:13-15. No person shall be made a priest that
has any blemish nor shall any person with any of the blemishes
mentioned here be permitted to officiate in the worship of God,
Lev. 21:16-24.
|
Leviticus
22
-
Of
the uncleanness of the priests, by which they were prevented from
ministering in holy things, Lev. 22:1-5. How they should be
cleansed, Lev. 22:6, Lev. 22:7. The priest must not eat of any
animal that had died of itself, or was torn by wild beasts, but
must keep God’s ordinances, Lev. 22:8, Lev. 22:9. No
stranger, sojourner, nor hired servant shall eat of the holy
things, Lev. 22:10. A servant bought with money may eat of them,
Lev. 22:11. Who of the priest’s family may not eat of them,
Lev. 22:12, Lev. 22:13. Of improper persons who partake of the
holy things unknowingly, Lev. 22:14-16. Freewill-offerings, and
sacrifices in general, must be without blemish, Lev. 22:17-25.
The age at which different animals were to be offered to God,
Lev. 22:26, Lev. 22:27. No animal and its young shall be offered
on the same day, Lev. 22:28. How the sacrifice of thanks-giving
was to be offered, Lev. 22:29, Lev. 22:30. All God’s
testimonies to be observed, and the reason, Lev. 22:31-33.
|
Leviticus
23
-
The
feast of the Lord, Lev. 23:1, Lev. 23:2. The Sabbath, Lev. 23:3.
The passover and unleavened bread, Lev. 23:4-8. The feast of
first-fruits, Lev. 23:9-14. The feast of pentecost, Lev.
23:15-21. Gleanings to be left for the poor, Lev. 23:22. The
feast of trumpets, Lev. 23:23-25. The great day of atonement,
Lev. 23:26-32. The feast of tabernacles, Lev. 23:33-44.
|
Leviticus 24 -
Pure olive oil must be provided
for the lamps, Lev. 24:1, Lev. 24:2. Aaron is to take care that
the lamps be lighted from evening to morning continually, Lev.
24:3, Lev. 24:4. How the shew-bread is to be made and ordered,
Lev. 24:5-8. Aaron and his sons shall eat this bread in the holy
place, Lev. 24:9. Of the son of Shelomith, an Israelitish woman,
who blasphemed the name, Lev. 24:10, Lev. 24:11. He is imprisoned
till the mind of the Lord should be known, Lev. 24:12. He is
commanded to be stoned to death, Lev. 24:13, Lev. 24:14. The
ordinance concerning cursing and blaspheming the Lord, Lev.
24:15, Lev. 24:16. The law against murder, Lev. 24:17. The lex
talionis, or law of like for like, repeated, Lev. 24:18-21. This
law to be equally binding both on themselves and on strangers,
Lev. 24:22. The blasphemer is stoned, Lev. 24:23.
|
|
Leviticus
25
-
The
law concerning the Sabbatical or seventh year repeated, Lev.
25:1-7. The law relative to the jubilee, or fiftieth year, and
the hallowing of the fiftieth, Lev. 25:8-12. In the year of
jubilee every one to return unto his possessions, Lev. 25:13.
None to oppress another in buying and selling, Lev. 25:14.
Purchases to be rated from jubilee to jubilee, according to the
number of years unexpired, Lev. 25:15-17. Promises to obedience,
Lev. 25:18, Lev. 25:19. Promises relative to the Sabbatical year,
Lev. 25:20-22. No inheritance must be finally alienated, Lev.
25:23, Lev. 25:24. No advantage to be taken of a man’s
poverty in buying his land, Lev. 25:25-28. Ordinances relative to
the selling of a house in a walled city, Lev. 25:29, Lev. 25:30;
in a village, Lev. 25:31. Houses of the Levites may be redeemed
at any time, Lev. 25:32, Lev. 25:33. The fields of the Levites in
the suburbs must not be sold, Lev. 25:34. No usury to be taken
from a poor brother, Lev. 25:35-38. If an Israelite be sold to an
Israelite, he must not be obliged to serve as a slave, Lev.
25:39, but be as a hired servant or as a sojourner, till the year
of jubilee, Lev. 25:40, when he and his family shall have liberty
to depart, Lev. 25:41; because God claims all Israelites as his
servants, having redeemed them from bondage in Egypt, Lev. 25:42,
Lev. 25:43. The Israelites are permitted to have bond-men and
bond-women of the heathens, who, being bought with their money,
shall be considered as their property, Lev. 25:44-46. If an
Israelite, grown poor, be sold to a sojourner who has waxed rich,
he may be redeemed by one of his relatives, an uncle or uncle’s
son, Lev. 25:47-49. In the interim between the jubilees, he may
be redeemed; but if not redeemed, he shall go free in the
jubilee, Lev. 25:50-54. Obedience enforced by God’s right
over them as his servants, Lev. 25:55.
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Leviticus
26
-
Idolatry forbidden,
Lev. 26:1. The Sabbath to be sanctified, Lev. 26:2-3. Promises to
obedience, of fruitful fields, plentiful harvests, and vintage,
Lev. 26:4-5. Of peace and security, Lev. 26:6. Discomfiture of
their enemies, Lev. 26:7-9. Of abundance, Lev. 26:10. Of the
divine presence, Lev. 26:11-13. Threatenings against the
disobedient, Lev. 26:14-15. Of terror and dismay, Lev. 26:16.
Their enemies shall prevail against them, Lev. 26:17-18. Of
barrenness, Lev. 26:19-20. Of desolation by wild beasts, Lev.
26:21-22. And if not humbled and reformed, worse evils shall be
inflicted upon them, Lev. 26:23-24. Their enemies shall prevail,
and they shall be wasted by the pestilence, Lev. 26:25-26. If
they should still continue refractory, they shall be yet more
sorely punished, Lev. 26:27-28. The famine shall so increase that
they shall be obliged to eat their own children, Lev. 26:29.
Their carcasses shall be cast upon the carcasses of their idols,
Lev. 26:30. Their cities shall be wasted, and the sanctuary
desolated, Lev. 26:31; the land destroyed, Lev. 26:32; themselves
scattered among their enemies, and pursued with utter confusion
and distress, Lev. 26:33-39. If under these judgments they
confess their sin and return to God, He will remember them in
mercy, Lev. 26:40-43; visit them even in the land of their
enemies, Lev. 26:44; and remember His covenant with their
fathers, Lev. 26:45. The conclusion, stating these to be the
judgments and laws which the Lord made between himself and the
children of Israel in Mount Sinai, Lev. 26:46.
|
Leviticus 27 -
Laws concerning vows, Lev. 27:1, Lev. 27:2. Of males and females
from twenty to sixty years of age, and their valuation, Lev.
27:3, Lev. 27:4. Of the same from five to twenty years, Lev.
27:5. Of the same from a month to five years of age, Lev. 27:6.
Of males and females from sixty years old and upwards, and their
valuation, Lev. 27:7. The priest shall value the poor according
to his ability, Lev. 27:8. Concerning beasts that are vowed, and
their valuation, Lev. 27:9-13. Concerning the sanctification of a
house, Lev. 27:14, Lev. 27:15. Concerning the field that is
sanctified or consecrated to the Lord, to the year of jubilee,
Lev. 27:16-24. Every estimation shall be made in shekels,
according to the shekel of the sanctuary, Lev. 27:25. The
firstlings of clean beasts, being already the Lord’s,
cannot be vowed, Lev. 27:26. That of an unclean beast may be
redeemed, Lev. 27:27. Every thing devoted to God shall be
unalienable and unredeemable, and continue the Lord’s
property till death, Lev. 27:28, Lev. 27:29. All the tithe of the
land is the Lord’s, Lev. 27:30; but it may be redeemed by
adding a fifth part, Lev. 27:31. The tithe of the herd and the
flock is also his, Lev. 27:32. The tenth that passes under the
rod shall not be changed, Lev. 27:33. The conclusion of the book,
Lev. 27:34.
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|
^
Overview
Leviticus is the third
book in the Pentateuch, with it's human author being evidenced as
Moses (Lv. 1:1; 7:37-38; 14:1-2; cf. Matthew 8:2-4), consisting of
“statutes and judgments and laws, which the LORD made between
him and the children of Israel in mount Sinai given in mount Sinai by
the hand of Moses” (26:46; cf. 27:34), though more liberal
scholars disagree. Leviticus is named after the priestly tribe of
Levi, descendants of Aaron, Moses' brother and the first high priest
of Israel. As a theocracy, it was they who were specifically
entrusted with the law, and responsible to it's preservation and
propagation. Leviticus as a whole did not simply apply to them,
though sections do, but was spoken to all Israel (Lv. 1:2; 4:2;
7:23,29; 11:2; 12:2; 15:2; 18:2; 23:2,10,24,34; 24::15; 25:2; 27:2;
2Chron. 30:16; Neh. 8:14; Jer. 7:22-23; Ezek. 20:11 Mt. 8:4; Lk.
2:22; Jn. 8:5; Rm. 10:4; 13:9; 2Cor. 6:16; Gal. 3:12; 1Pt. 1:16.
Leviticus is evidenced as
having fairly standard units:
The Manual of Sacrifice
(1-7),
Historical Narrative
(8-10),
The Manual of Purity
(11-16),
The Holiness Code
(17-27).
I. Approaching a holy
God: (Lev 1:1) "And the
LORD called unto Moses, and spake unto him out of the
tabernacle of the congregation, saying," From now on it will be
“The LORD spake unto Moses”
in which prefaces the beginning of a section or often a subsection,
which the below is separated by, in addition to chapters and topics.
A. Laws regarding
sacrifice (Cps. 1-7; cf. Acts 2:42)
Chapters
1 Burnt offerings
(unblemished animals)
2 Meal offerings
3 Peace offering (animal
fat)
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
4 :1-5:13 Sin offerings
(for sins of ignorance)
The LORD spake unto Moses
saying...
5:14-19 Trespass
offerings for sins
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
6:1-7 Laws on stewardship
offenses, restitution and offering
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
6:8-18 Burnt and meal
offerings; perpetual fire
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
6:19-23 Offering of Aaron
and of his sons
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
6:24-7:21 Instruction for
priests on sin, trespass, burnt, meal, peace and offerings and their
need for sanctity
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
6:22-27 No manner of fat
eaten
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
6:28-38 Instructions to
congregation on sacrifice of peace offerings as food for priests.
Summation of giving of sacrificial laws
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
B. Laws and record about
the consecration of priests, and unholy imitation (8-10)
8 Anointing of Aaron and
his sons by Moses and offerings thereto. (cf. Acts 2:1-4; 6:1-6)
Moses instructions to Aaron and sons
9 Moses commands to Aaron
and sons contd. Aaron's sacrifice for himself and the people. God's
consumption of the sacrifices by fire, and the people's prostration
in awe and fear (cf. Acts 2:43; 4:33)
10 Nadab and Abihu offer
strange fire before the Lord, and are supernaturally consumed by
fire. (cf. Acts 5:1-13) Instructions for Aaron and his sons regarding
the eating of the meat-offerings, etc. Clerical conflict. (cf. Acts
6:1)
II. Living in the
presence of a holy God
A. Cps. 11-15 Laws about
ritual cleanness; "clean" and "unclean" things
(cf. 1Cor. 6:11; Col. 2)
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
11 Unclean animals,
aquatic life, fowls, insects, reptiles, dead animals ( (Mk. 7:1-23;
Acts cf. Acts 10:9-15; Rm. 15:16; 2Cor. 8-10; Col. 2:16; 1Tim.
4:1-5), etc. “To make a difference between the unclean and the
clean...” , as a testimony to being a holy, separated people
(vs. 45-47)
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
12 Childbirth
purification and offerings (cf. Heb. 10:22)
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
13 Leprosy and skin
diseases (cf. Acts 11:1-10)
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
14:1-32 Rites and
sacrifices in cleansing the leper;
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
14:33-57 The signs of
leprosy in a house and remedy
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
15 Discharges and
secretions (cf. Col. 2:20,21 )
B. Laws about holiness
(16-25)
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
16 The scapegoat and Day
of Atonement (cf. Is. 5:3; 1Pt. 2:24; 3:18; Heb. 9; 10:1-24). "And
this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make an atonement
for the children of Israel for all their sins once a year. And he did
as the LORD commanded Moses." (v. 34)
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
17 Sanctity of Blood: for
atonement; not for eating. (cf. Acts 21:25) No sacrifices to devils,
etc.
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
18 Laws forbidding
illicit sexual unions (Cf. Mt. 5:32; Mk. 7:21; 1Cor. 5:1,9-11;
6:9,13,18; 7:2; 10:8; 2Cor. 12:21; Gal. 5:19; Eph. 5:3; Col. 3:5;
1Ths. 4:3; 1Tim. 1:10; Heb. 12:16; 13:4; Jude 1:7; Rv. 2:14,20,21;
9:21; 14:8; 17:2,4; 18:3,9:19:2; 21:8; 22:15
Additional notes:
First general Levitical
admonition to “keep my statutes (18:4,5,26,30; 19:19,30;
20:8,22: 22:31; 25:18; 26:3).
Laws in this chapter are
prefaced with the admonition "After the doings of the land of
Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the doings of the
land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do: neither shall
ye walk in their ordinances."
The word for “doings”
ma‛ăśeh [H4639] here is unique to Leviticus, and
generally refers to works, as in Ps. 106:35, and additionally Israel
is forbidden to follow after pagan ordinances (chûqqâh
[H2708]), these being laws or statutes, indicating both general as
well as religious practices are in view, the latter being made
obvious as child sacrifice to Molech (v. 21), this being contrary to
foundational law prohibiting murder.
In closing this section,
a uniquely repetitious series of solemn warnings is given directly
after these sins, in vs. 24-30, stating these “abominations”
(tô‛êbah,” often used to denote basic moral
sins) are what caused the terminal judgment upon the inhabitants
Israel was to conquer. Though not as extensive, such warnings or
statements are also seen in such texts as Lv. 20:22,23; Dt. 9:4,5;
12:30,31; 18:12; 1Kg. 14:24; 16:3, but which are not directly seen
after laws simply regarding unclean foods and ritual uncleanness.
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
19. Civil and ceremonial
laws. Reverence for parents and sabbath; against idolatry and for
peace offerings; food provision for the poor; no false swearing; no
defrauding; no unjust judgment; no gossip, slander; correction and
love for neighbor, no grudges
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
20 Laws against and
capital punishments for cursing parents, wizardry, and all sins of
cp. 18, except some incestuous relations
http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/Lv.18+20-Dt.27.html
Reminder to keep dietary laws as separated people in blessed
land.
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
21:1-15 Laws for Priestly
sanctification. Mourning; appearance; marriages; holiness of daughter
21:16-24 Unblemished
requirements for priests ministering in the sanctuary; provision for
blemished ministers
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
22:1-16 Penalty for
profaning the holy sanctuary by uncleanness. Provision for cleansing.
Other relevant details
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
22:17-25 Requirements
unblemished sacrifices
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
22:26-33 Free will
offerings. Reminder to keep commandments
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
23:1-8 Feasts and
calendar; sabbath, passover, unleavened bread.
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
23:9-22 Feast of
Pentecost; Gleanings to be left for the poor;
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
23:23-25 Feast of
trumpets
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
23: 26-32 Day of
atonement;
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
23:33-44 Feast of
tabernacles.
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
24:1-9 Law for lamp oil;
shewbread
24:10-12 Record of
blasphemy by Israelite son, and seeking the LORD for instruction
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
23 Capital punishment for
blasphemy executed by congregation; Also for murder by man or death
by beast. Law of restitution. One law for Hebrews and strangers in
this context.
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
25 Law of Jubilee years,
rest freedom and redemption. Against oppression. Promise of blessings
of obedience. Compassion to the poor. Usage of servants and
redemption of brethren servants.
III. Covenant blessings
and curses
26 Overview. Warning
against idolatry, and keeping of Sabbath enjoined. Promise of
blessings for obedience, and curses for disobedience; promises for
repentance.
IV. Appendix
The LORD
spake unto Moses saying...
27 Laws about vows and
gifts
Adapted from Hill and
Walton and Adam Clarke's commentary
http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/Lv.18+20-Dt.27.htm